Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 5 Articles
We present an approach for self-adaptation in automotive embedded systems using a hierarchical, multi-layered control approach.\r\nWe model automotive systems as a set of constraints and define a hierarchy of control loops based on different criteria. Adaptations\r\nare performed at first locally on a lower layer of the architecture. If this fails due to the restricted scope of the control cycle, the\r\nnext higher layer is in charge of finding a suitable adaptation.We compare different options regarding responsibility split in multilayered\r\ncontrol in a self-healing scenario with a setup adopted from automotive in-vehicle networks. We show that a multi-layer\r\ncontrol approach has clear performance benefits over a central control, even though all layers work on the same set of constraints.\r\nFurthermore, we show that a responsibility split with respect to network topology is preferable over a functional split....
As more processing cores are added to embedded systems processors, the relationships between cores and memories have more\r\ninfluence on the energy consumption of the processor. In this paper, we conduct fundamental research to explore the effects\r\nof memory sharing on energy in a multicore processor. We study the Memory Arrangement (MA) Problem. We prove that\r\nthe general case of MA is NP-complete. We present an optimal algorithm for solving linear MA and optimal and heuristic\r\nalgorithms for solving rectangular MA. On average, we can produce arrangements that consume 49% less energy than an all shared\r\nmemory arrangement and 14% less energy than an all private memory arrangement for randomly generated instances. For DSP\r\nbenchmarks, we can produce arrangements that, on average, consume 20% less energy than an all shared memory arrangement\r\nand 27% less energy than an all private memory arrangement....
To overcome system latency and network delay is essential for intervehicle communication (IVC) applications such as hazard\r\nalarming and cooperative driving. This paper proposes a low-cost embedded software system dedicated to such applications. It\r\nconsists of two basic component layers: an operating system, named HEROS (hybrid event-driven and real-time multitasking\r\noperating system), and a communication protocol, named CIVIC (Communication Inter V�´ehicule Intelligente et Coop�´erative).\r\nHEROS is originally designed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It contains a component-based resource-aware kernel and a\r\nlow-latency tuple-based communication system. Moreover, it provides a configurable event-driven and/or real-time multitasking\r\nmechanism for various embedded applications. The CIVIC is an autoconfiguration cooperative IVC protocol. It merges proactive\r\nand reactive approaches to speed up and optimize location-based routing discovery with high-mobility nodes. Currently, this\r\nembedded system has been implemented and tested. The experiment results show that the new embedded system has low system\r\nlatency and network delay under the principle of small resource consumption....
The objective of this application based paper is to automate the prepaid billing of energy meter. In this application the front end is User friendly and the employees can work on this software with minimum knowledge of Computers. Employees can read the meter by sitting in the Office. For front end designing Java is used. We will connect hardware kit i.e. GSM modem and piccontroller to the energy meter. The main aim of this application is whenever you are recharging with some amount by doing SMS to the MODEM, the bulb gets automatically ON until your recharge amount gets zero. After getting your balance zero your device gets automatically switched OFF and you will get a message from the MODEM that you have to recharge your mobile and the process takes place continuously.Bill can be paid by just recharging the mobile....
This paper presents a word length selection method for the implementation of digital controllers in both fixed-point and floatingpoint\r\nhardware on FPGAs. This method uses the new types defined in the VHDL-2008 fixed-point and floating-point packages.\r\nThese packages allow customizing the word length of fixed and floating point representations and shorten the design cycle\r\nsimplifying the design of arithmetic operations. The method performs bit-true simulations in order to determine the word\r\nlength to represent the constant coefficients and the internal signals of the digital controller while maintaining the control system\r\nspecifications. A mixed-signal simulation tool is used to simulate the closed loop system as a whole in order to analyze the impact\r\nof the quantization effects and loop delays on the control system performance. The method is applied to implement a digital\r\ncontroller for a switching power converter. The digital circuit is implemented on an FPGA, and the simulations are experimentally\r\nverified....
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